German VAT for US Companies.
Done properly, done from the US.

Why US companies need a German VAT registration

Unlike the US sales-tax system, where nexus and thresholds determine state-by-state registration, German VAT (Umsatzsteuer) has no minimum threshold for foreign sellers. The moment you make a taxable supply in Germany, storing inventory, shipping B2C cross-border within the EU, or providing digital services to German consumers without OSS coverage, you must register. The three main triggers:

1. Physical inventory in Germany

Using Amazon FBA's German warehouses (DE1 Werne, DE2 Rheinberg, DE3 Graben, and others) moves your inventory into German VAT jurisdiction. Pan-EU FBA does the same. From the moment inventory arrives, you're a German taxpayer, and registration is mandatory before you sell a single unit from that stock.

2. B2C distance sales within the EU

Any cross-border B2C sale within the EU means you either register in each destination country or use OSS. The €10,000 EU-wide threshold is only available to sellers established inside the EU, so a US company has no minimum to reach, and which OSS depends on where the goods ship from. If you store stock in a German warehouse, you register locally in Germany for that stock and use the Union OSS scheme through Germany (Germany as your member state of identification) to report your EU-wide B2C on one quarterly return. For goods sent direct from the US, IOSS covers imports under €150 and the Non-Union scheme covers cross-border B2C services.

3. Digital services to German consumers

SaaS, downloads, streaming, online courses, if you sell to German private consumers, you either register in Germany or use OSS (Non-Union scheme). Many US SaaS companies prefer local German registration when serving enterprise B2B customers who expect a real USt-IdNr.

The US-specific hurdles (and how Vaytax handles them)

German VAT registration works for US companies, but there are five friction points that catch first-timers off guard:

1. The tax registration questionnaire (Fragebogen zur steuerlichen Erfassung) is in German

Germany's master tax registration form runs ~20 pages and must be submitted in German. We prepare it for you, you provide US company details in plain English, we render the proper German entries and file with the Finanzamt. See our step-by-step Fragebogen guide in English.

2. Articles of Incorporation must be translated

Finanzamt Bonn-Innenstadt requires a German translation of your Certificate of Incorporation / Articles. A sworn translator (vereidigter Übersetzer) is generally required. Some state filings also require an Apostille (Hague Convention certification). We coordinate with translators and flag Apostille requirements before you waste weeks.

3. US Certificate of Residency (IRS Form 6166)

Germany asks US companies for proof of US tax residency, which is Form 6166 issued by the IRS. This takes 4–6 weeks to obtain via Form 8802. Start this before you start registration, we'll remind you at onboarding.

4. SEPA Direct Debit from a US bank

Germany's preferred (and sometimes required) method for paying VAT is SEPA Direct Debit from a EUR-denominated account. Most US banks can't issue a SEPA-capable IBAN. The standard workaround is a Wise Business account (free EUR IBAN) or Payoneer. The Vaytax onboarding flow includes SEPA mandate generation and IBAN validation.

5. German-only tax-office correspondence

Every letter from the tax office will be in German. A licensed tax advisor is legally empowered to act as your representative, we open, translate, and respond to all tax-office letters as part of the service.

No fiscal representative required

This is the single biggest cost trap for US sellers. Some providers charge US companies €1,000–€3,000 per year for "fiscal representation" in Germany, implying it is a legal requirement. It is not.

Germany does not require fiscal representation for US companies (or any third-country business) for standard VAT registration and monthly filing. A licensed tax advisor acting as your tax agent is sufficient. The distinction matters:

For a full breakdown, see our fiscal representation guide. If a provider quotes you a separate "fiscal rep" line item, ask for the legal basis, there isn't one for standard VAT compliance.

Finanzamt Bonn-Innenstadt: the office that handles US companies

Germany routes foreign companies to central Finanzämter by country of origin. US companies go to Finanzamt Bonn-Innenstadt, regardless of which US state the company is incorporated in, Delaware, Wyoming, California, Texas, New York, all route to the same office.

This matters because:

• All correspondence is in German.
• Bonn-Innenstadt has its own application quirks and document preferences, experienced tax advisors know them.
• Processing times are public (6–12 weeks currently) but depend heavily on current caseload and application completeness.

Vaytax has existing relationships with this office through our parent firm (FRADECO GmbH tax advisory firm, active in cross-border VAT since 1993).

Monthly filing: what a US company actually does

Once you have your Tax ID, ongoing compliance is straightforward:

1. You: Enter sales figures into the Vaytax dashboard each month (takes ~5 minutes, totals per VAT rate, any intra-community acquisitions, any reverse-charge B2B).
2. We: Your tax advisor reviews the figures, generates the UStVA (monthly VAT return), and files it with the Finanzamt.
3. Finanzamt: Processes the filing, confirms receipt, debits your SEPA account for any VAT owed.
4. You: Get a filing confirmation in the dashboard and via email.

Filing frequency follows your VAT figures, not how new the registration is. For businesses starting activity between 2021 and 2026, a temporary rule (§ 18 Abs. 2 Satz 6 UStG) sets the first year from the VAT you expect to owe that year: over €9,000 files monthly, otherwise quarterly, and at €2,000 or less the Finanzamt can waive preliminary returns entirely. Later years use the same thresholds on the prior year's actual VAT. That temporary rule is scheduled to lapse after 2026, so unless it is extended, businesses starting from 2027 go back to mandatory monthly filing for their first two calendar years. Most foreign sellers holding German stock clear €9,000 and file monthly either way. The annual return (Umsatzsteuer-Jahreserklärung) is filed by July 31 of the following year.

Already selling on amazon.de? See your German VAT from your own report: drop your Amazon VAT Transactions Report (or easybill export) and we read it on your device, nothing uploaded, to show the figure reconciled to your file. It is a draft, subject to our review.

Documents you'll need (and what counts in your country)

For a US company, the registration set is short and the tool walks you through each item:

• Your LLC formation document (Articles of Organization or equivalent), your IRS EIN confirmation letter, a passport copy of the representative, and a signed power of attorney (template provided during signup).
• Documents are typically apostilled. The registration tool lists each item and lets you upload as you go.
• If you bring goods into the EU yourself you may need an EU EORI number for customs, but usually you do not: the EORI belongs to whoever declares in their own name, and that is normally your freight forwarder acting as your indirect representative. A company established outside the EU cannot be the declarant for regular commercial or fulfilment imports, so German customs issues one only where you have your own staff and premises in Germany. We file it in that case for a 199 euro one-time add-on. Your import VAT stays deductible either way.

For the full document checklist by country (and what an apostille is and when you need one), see our documents for German VAT registration, by country guide.